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Dulce Et Decorum Est -- Wilfred Owen

I tend to dislike topicality, but now is as good a time as any...
(Poem #132) Dulce Et Decorum Est
Bent double, like old beggars under sacks
Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,
Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs
And towards our distant rest began to trudge.
Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots
But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind;
Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots
Of tired, outstripped Five-Nines that dropped behind.

Gas! GAS! Quick, boys! --- An ecstasy of fumbling,
Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time;
But someone still was yelling out and stumbling
And floundering like a man in fire or lime ---
Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light,
As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.

In all my dreams, before my helpless sight,
He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.

If in some smothering dreams you too could pace
Behind the wagon that we flung him in,
And watch the white eyes writhing in his face,
His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin;
If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood
Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,
Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud
Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,---
My friend, you would not tell with such high zest
To children ardent for some desperate glory,
The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est
Pro patria mori.
-- Wilfred Owen
[The title is from a line of Horace - "It is sweet and honourable to die
for one's country."]

If ever proof were needed that the 19th century was truly over, it came
in the shape of the First World War. The horrors of that conflagration
scarred the English psyche to an extent that marked the end of an era -
no more would sentimental Victorian poets talk about death and honour in
the same breath. More than anything else, the conflict that decimated a
generation of young Europeans opened the public's eyes to the sheer
inhumanity of large-scale trench warfare, the pointlessness of it all.

Owen's genius was his ability to celebrate the ordinary without
profaning it; he had a deep and abiding sympathy for his fellow
soldiers, while his own undisputed courage in action and sense of duty
gave him the moral authority to denounce the war (and War, for that
matter) for what it was - a sickness, a corruption, a festering evil of
which no good could possibly come.

Yes, I know that the language I use is strong, but then, so is Owen's
verse. He does not hold back or disguise his horror at what he saw -
        " ... the blood
    Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,
    Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud
    Of vile, incurable sores... "
- and this, too, is an aspect of his greatness; by using the natural
rhythms of speech, by soiling his hands with solid, everyday words, he
cuts closer to the heart of experience than did any of the genteel
Victorians. This is what gives him his power; this is what makes his
poetry real.

Oh, and the second syllable of the third line is pretty good, too :-).

thomas.

[Biography]

Wilfred Owen was born in 1893 and died in action in 1918. He was a man
of great sensitivy, and an intellectual, plunged against his will into
the holocaust of an atrocious war. He responded to the war, which
horrified and disgusted him, in a way which was never simple. In one
letter he wrote 'My senses are charred', but there is certainly no
evidence in his surviving poetry that they were numbed.

[LitCrit]

... Owen came to see the war, not as a disease to be cured by purely
political action, nor as a crusade against evil, but as a major tragedy
to which the only appropriate response was compassion. 'The poetry is in
the Pity', he wrote in the much-quoted introduction he had prepared for
his first book of poems...

... In his best poems, he writes not only about war, but about war as a
metaphor for the human condition. This give his best work a far-reaching
gravity and moral force which will never date and which makes his poems
applicable to any situation in which people must suffer and die.

[Today's poem]

... As so often, Owen seems in this poem to have taken over some of the
vocabulary and imagery of late 19th century poetry and injected a new
realism into it, [reminding] us that some of the public horror of the
First World War had already been experienced and predicted by the
agonies and breakdowns aof decadent poets from Baudelaire onwards...

    -- from 'Poetry 1990 to 1975', George Macbeth

[Trivia]

  The English composer Benjamin Britten (1913-1976) mixed several poems
or fragments of poems by Owen (" Anthem for Doomed Youth", " The Next
War", " Sonnet (On seeing a piece of our heavy artillery brought into
action)", " Futility", " The Parable of the Old Man and the Young", "
The End", " At a Calvary near the Ancre" and " Strange Meeting") with
liturgical texts from the "Missa pro defunctis" in his War Requiem,
composed in 1962 at the occasion of the re-opening of the cathedral of
Coventry, bombed during the second World War.

[Post Scriptum]

"Grey highrise buildings...
When I unmask the forger
I will wring his neck."

(though I must admit the spoof post was one of the best laughs I've had
in ages - simply hilarious... and I was most flattered by the comparison
to Mr Toad).

thomas.
The 14-year old Haiku Wizard.

83 comments: ( or Leave a comment )

Lynn Corbett said...

Owen's terrific use of diction brings this poem to life -- imagery, a
very important factor in poetry, is prevalent all throught his writings
in 'Dolce et Decorum est.' His tone - depression, lack of hope, and, of
course, sadness, reveals his message without writing pages of verse; he
accomplishes his message very quickly in the poem, and makes the
audience feel like they are actually experiencing what the narrator is
going through.

A.V.C.
Mon. July 17, 2000

yiuhome said...

Can any one tell me some of the techniqures about Dulce Et Decorm Est?
Also i want to know is there any important lines and Can you Explain the
line " Gas, Gas, Quick boys" to me? Thx

George Sotiropoulos said...

a very moving poem with much truth, that gives a great indication that
we all take life for granted, and we often fall selfish to our personal
needs and wants and not wanting the wealth of happiness, love, and peace

peter sotiropoulos

DVCIMVS said...

This poem is strong, however it merely brushes what battle is like. One thing I hate about our school system is how it picks apart such poems if you want to call it a poem. It's more like an ulugy or a last breath of wisdom in vain.

"Gas! Gas! Gas!" is an order given to have everyone put their NBC (Nuclear Biological Chemical) gear on. In this case being The Great War, they were ordered to put their gas masks on. There are many ways to give this order: Three honks of a horn, three percussions etc.

I too thought it'd be great to join the infantry and go to war... Now I'd almost protest anyone joining. If someone has never been in battle, they don't have the slightest clue. It'd take a year of writing to describe everything. The closest thing to describing the smell is to imagine hundreds of rotting carcasus rotting everywhere. Unless you've been out in the wild and stumbled across a rotting animal, you probably don't know what I mean. You could try leaving a pound of beef out on the counter for a week and take a good huff of it.

Cathy schaller said...

GAS, GAS is sill used, only now it's used three times. From the time someone yells the alarm, you have 9 seconds to don, seal, and clear your gasmask. Any slower and you risk injury or death. Someone was sounding the alarm.

John Wainwright said...

Just a small but relavent point. The line is Gas GAS, not Gas Gas.
John

Freakstomp06 said...

Hello,
I have read your comments on Wilfred Owen's poem, "Dulce et Decorum Est". I
was wondering if you would be able to explain the poem to me a little better.
I have read it a few times, but am not able to grasp the true meaning of it.
I would like to know the meaning of the last two lines please. Thank-you
very much for your help.

Ozandgemfoxglove said...

Dulce et Decorum Est Pro Patria Mori means 'It's a sweet and seemly thing to
die for your country. He has used Latin as he thinks that the saying 'it is
a sweet and seemly thing to die for your country' is old fashioned like the
language of Latin.

adam said...

The title is ironic

Jon said...

You state the title comes from hoarace and means "It is sweet and honourable to die
for one's country."
This is wrong "Dulce Et Decorum Est" means It is sweet and right.

I would also like to point out my favorite metaphor in this porm "guttering" Guttering is the connotation of a candle flickering out. This is also a metaphor for the soldiers death.
- warjunkie

angela lebrun said...

I am a year 11 student who has just completed my end-of-year Literature exam on Wilfred Owen's poetry. I would just like to mention here that I throughly enjoyed his work, and I would encourage those who like 'Dulce et Decorum Est' to also look at what is one of my all time favourite poems; 'Futility'.
- Hollie

slawek said...

Hello!!!
I'M a student from Poland. I'm desperately looking for any information and the analysis of a poem "Dulce Et Decorum Est". I foun Your address reading your comments on the poem. I'm just wondering if You are able to provide me with some information on that topis. If it is possible I'd really appreciate that.
Best wishes
Malgorzata

vd said...

hey I'm from Venezuela, and I just want to know if you ever found an analysis of the poem "Dulce Et Decorum Est".
I really, really need the information!!! I have a paper to do! but I can't find any analysis of it....if you could help me with a web page or something like that, I will apreciate it a lot
thanks...
V.D

Stephen Forbes said...

hey hollie- i just read something you have written in a wilfred owen website. i need to know much on my two favourite poems- dulce. . .and futility- anything you can send me?

shane warne said...

Hi everyone,
my name is Ryan Henrahan
the poem dulce, is mainly about women, the way i interperet this poem, is
that i stalk my prey before i pounce, the gas represents the the very
beautiful women in the world, basically the ones that revolve around me, my
bitches.

-=DanG the ultimate predator=-

bye for now ladies =)

Nick Buick - Brisbanelife.com said...

To the guy who couldn't grasp the poem, basically the poet (Owen) is saying
'war is bad'. Sure we all know that now, but the relevance here as that he
wrote this in a time when people glorified war, and the cause. Which is why
he quoted the Latin saying at the end, and in his title. Which I was taught
was translated to "it is sweet and noble to die for your country".

Thomas Keaveney said...

This is a great poem. It really captures the horrors of war as well as the
incompetent leaders who led those brave men to their death.

peter wright said...

I'm an A level student and i havn't done this poem since year 9 that's about 3 years ago, but it is one i have always remembered. It is a truly powerful meaningful work of words. his grasp and use of the english language is astounding and he is able to manipulate words to paint a vivid and terrifying picture of the horrific reality of trench warfare in the mind of the reader.

ok and for the guy who's gotta b a little bit of a nymphomaniac... you wish, get a life and stop thinking with ur dick

Gurdev Kalirai said...

it was good

SndrWllbnk said...

good poem

TOxIcJeNjO said...

on the dulce et decorm est you say that you use to want to join the military
... however you didnt. yet you critcize those who want to, or protest. you say
that you preach to them the smell of the rotting bodies, but how do you kno
if you never were there? you read books? poems? well maybe they did to. but you
shouldnt preach what you dont kno for sure!

mabonham said...

Anyone who really wants to grasp the meaning of this poem should see the
film "Regeneration" with James Wilby, Jonathan Pryce, and Jonny Lee Miller.
The opening sequence of the corpses in the mud and trenches of WWI says it
all. The film, from the book by Pat Barker, fictionalizes the "treatment"
of, among others, the poets Siegfried Sassoon and Wilfred Owen ( who meet
there) at a military mental facility in Scotland. The poem is voiced over
during the film and at the end we see Owen's body in the canal.

Ryan Clements said...

Ryan Henrahan: What the heck? Are you some kind of stalker or something?

Jean & Jerry said...

Sexc I am, wicked this poem is

Mike217 said...

The actual translation of the title is... "It is sweet and meet to die for one's country. Sweet! and decorous!"

Vikkilynn91 said...

this is an amazing poem. i am currently studing it in my standard grade
english course and to start with i thought ' this is boring' but after i ead i an
analysed it i came to understand the poem alot better and know if anything i
would say it is my favourite poem ever. i managed to write a 8 page essay on
A4 papaer on this poem and my english folio has now been passed with a grade
1 english. !!!

andyredge said...

Just a few small but relevant points:
1) The phrase "Dulce et Decorum est" actually means "sweet and fitting."
2) The last line of the first verse is "of disappointed shells that dropped behind."
3) The line is "Gas! GAS!"
-Andy R. Edge

Mike Jones said...

Owen, strongly influenced by the emotions of direct combat, uses this poem
to express a new war horror born in WWI. The soldier’s antidote for fear
in battle is ACTION. But the killing innovations of WWI- long range
artillery, gas, long range snipers, landmines, tanks, aerial bombardment-
meant that often as not there was no enemy in sight to go into action
against. The only thing one could do was wait, and hope not to die. Because
there was often no visible enemy to repel or attack, the overwhelming
feeling of helplessness one experiences in combat was much greater in WWI
than previous conflicts. Note that the setting for this poem is not direct
combat- it is a march. He hears the artillery shells- the Five-Nines – fall
behind him and hears them releasing the gas. Gas shells often do not
explode, but rather hiss as the gas is released, Owen describes it as a
“hoot”. I would describe it as a long fart or squeal which starts loudly
and quickly tapers off. Sounding perhaps sort of tired, a tired insult
hurled by an unseen enemy, not worth a response. Although it is a deadly
attack the men, themselves bone tired, do not go into immediate action as
they would if they were being fired on by small arms. The danger is more
insidious, and therefore, all the more scary when it is finally recognized:
“gas,GAS”. The only defense is donning of the gas masks. This action, to a
person in that situation, might well be ecstasy- SOMETHING that can be done
to combat the invisible death approaching. One man is too slow, to tired
perhaps, he dies. And that’s the whole point of the poem. In Owen’s war,
too often a soldier was just dying for his country, and not at all fighting
for it. You think maybe this poem was the inspiration for Patton’s famous
“No son-of-a bitch ever won a war dying for his country…” line? You think
maybe Patton, himself a WWI veteran, was trying to instill in his men the
utter necessity to engage the enemy ruthlessly and doggedly at every
opportunity, to avoid at all cost the type of senseless attrition that WWI
was infamous for? Patton was of course known for his almost maniacal drive
to continuously attack the enemy; he despised the thought of stopping and
defending ground, to sit around and wait to die. Hey, I appreciate
everyone’s comments on the war poems; I’m just an old soldier looking for
some appropriate words to write on the latrine walls the next time you all
send me back to some senseless conflict (it won’t be long now) and the war
poem comments are very helpful.

-beentheredonethat

Brittney said...

I think this poem is very well written. I was a bit confused on the following line,

"If in some smothering dreams you too could pace" (line 19)

I understand that he is referring to how you would be walking behind them as they through the dead bodies on the wagon and such, but I'm a bit lost when I read "smothering dreams". Is he relaying that the dream or memory of watching the dead being hauled off as bad and suffocating, or is it something else?

b.gregory6958 said...

I studied this poem many years ago as a student. I was impressed with it then, and time has not withered its power.
Apologies if I am teaching granny to suck eggs, but I thought I'd mention that the 'friend' Owen alludes to was a woman called Jessie Pope, who at the time peddled the line about the sweetnes and dignity of dying for one's country (secure in the knowledge that she would not be called upon to do this herself) and sent white feathers to the 'cowards' who wouldn't fight. Owen's use of the word 'friend' in this context is part of the poem's dark irony, along with the title, as commented on by others.

Bambos

Lashey Sims said...

This is an absolutely amazing poem. But I would have to say to the person who says basically not to warn or even protest against the war or for people to go in it unless you have had personal experience, is that why do you need proof? There is nothing at all good about war. People say it is honorable. But how? to go off without changing anything and die leaving a depressed and saddened family behind. How is that good at all?! So many lives throughout our time have been taken because of war and Look we are in one now. and still no good is coming out of killing the enemy.We will just later find a new enemy. Wilfred Owen knew this and understood this just as many do and still we keep on repeating our past thinking it is helping.

TRUELY: A person cannot make a change if they are dead so how I MEAN HOW is war ever a GOOD THING?

Anonymous said...

this poem sucked ass, i have to do an essay on it for english and its boring as fuck

Anonymous said...

Ok so the disrespectful idiot who decided to put that the gas around the nobel people who died in the trenches are like his bitches is undoubtably wrong. He is suggesting that he is surronded by women who then start to throtle him and eventually lead the man to death. Another point is that he is probably a cowardly nob who wouldn't last two minutes if he was made to fight in a war that protected his country and pretty much the worlds existence today. He is probably a person who is so lonely he has to pretend to be a ladies man on the internet where no one obviously takes no notice of him. And for your information the poem is about how war is conveyed back in the country. Wilfred owen has used particular imagery to show readers and people what war was really lik and that it is nothing that the government portrait. They show the impression that it is good and patriotic to die for your country. They would force people to go to war in the mind that they are showing courage and being loyal to their country.
I really do hope ths helped anyone who cares. I am also studying it a school and do not agree I believe that this poem is not only emotional but shows the gritty realism of the first world war!

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Anonymous said...

i am a gcse student who has currently studied this poem and i loved it.
Owen really brings across his own emotions in this poem, making it seem all the more personal. until reading this poem i never understood the true horror and panic someone would feel towards witnessing an incident such as this.

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Anonymous said...

This is a lovel poem, but how does it show conflict?
Rachel.

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Anonymous said...

In Wilfred Owen’s poem he uses graphic images to shock the reader. He writes, “Bent double like old beggars under sacks” This shows that they feel burdened with the responsibility of war, showing that they are carrying a heavy weight. They would also literally be carrying heavy sacks with all their essential equipment. An image of a beggar would be dirty and stinking and since the soldiers had no way of proper bathing then from afar they would resemble homeless beggars on the streets. This image could also show that they have no permanent home and that they are like snails-carrying their homes on their backs.

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